Research Topic and Sources

Chapter 12: Brain (nuerolinguistics)

Sources:

VU, J. A., BABIKIAN, T., & ASARNOW, R. F. (2011). Academic and Language Outcomes in Children After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis. Exceptional Children, 77(3), 263-281.

Fingelkurts, A. A., Fingelkurts, A. A., & Marchetti, G. (2010). EDITORIAL: Brain, Mind and Language Functional Architectures. Open Neuroimaging Journal, 26-29.

Ghosh, S., Basu, A., Kumaran, S. S., & Khushu, S. (2010). Functional mapping of language networks in the normal brain using a word-association task. Indian Journal Of Radiology & Imaging, 20(3), 182-187. doi:10.4103/0971-3026.69352

Blog Post #5

1.  Word: Glasses

     Etymology: "spectacles," 1660s, from plural of glass.
    
     Word Formation: borrowed word

     Morphemes: glass-                -es
                         (root)              (suffix)
                   free/lexical      Bound/derivational

2.  Word: Baseball
    
     Etymology: 1845, Amer.Eng., from base (n.) + ball. Earlier references, e.g. in Jane Austen's "Northanger Abbey," refer to the game of "rounders," of which baseball is a more elaborate variety. Legendarily invented 1839 by Abner Doubleday in Cooperstown, N.Y. Base was used for "start or finish line of a race" from 1690s; and the sense of "safe spot" found in modern children's game of tag can be traced to 14c. The sense in baseball is from 1868. Get to first base "make a start" (1938) is a figurative use from the game.

     Word Formation: Compound word

     Morphemes: base-     -ball
                  free/lexical    free/lexical

3.   Word: Detective
    
     Etymology: 1850, short for detective police, from detective (adj.), 1843.

     Morphemes: Detect-               -ive
                        free/lexical     bound/derivational

4.   Word: Communication

     Etymology: late 14c., from O.Fr. comunicacion (14c., Mod.Fr. communication), from L. communicationem (nom. communicatio), noun of action from communicare "to share, divide out; communicate, impart, inform; join, unite, participate in," lit. "to make common," from communis.

     Word Formation: Borrowed word

     Morphemes: communicat-            -ion
                         (root)                      (suffix)
                       free/lexical          bound/derivational

5.   Word: Depression

     Etymology: late 14c. as a term in astronomy, from O.Fr. depression (14c.) or directly from L. depressionem (nom. depressio), noun of action from pp. stem of deprimere "to press down, depress" (see depress). Attested from 1650s in the literal sense; meaning "dejection, depression of spirits" is from early 15c. (as a clinical term in psychology, from 1905); meteorological sense is from 1881 (in reference to barometric pressure); meaning "a lowering or reduction in economic activity" was in use by 1826; given a specific application (with capital D-) by 1934 to the one that began worldwide in 1929. For "melancholy, depression" an O.E. word was grevoushede.

     Word Formation: borrowed word

     Morphemes: depress-              -ion
                         (root)                 (suffix)
                     free/lexical       bound/derivational
    

Blog Post #4

1. The rise of social networking is not only affecting language, but it is changing it.  With instant messaging and text messaging there are abbreviations like ttyl (talk to you later), lol (laugh out loud), brb (be right back), and plenty more that help shorten time and conversation space.  I have even heard people using these abbreviations in conversations they are having in person. Now I guilty of using these abbreviations through texts, but I refuse to throw english out the window in general when i am having a conversation with someone in person.

2. The spread of Internet and other technologies reduce the necessity for english knowledge around the world because now people rely on the technology to do everything for them for example spell check, and ofcourse any questions or uncertainties can always be cleared up through google.  I am interested in seeing the average IQ of a person the next generation, this techonology is just making people lazy and dumb!

Blog Post #3

1. imbalance, incompatible, incomplete, indecent, inglorious, ingratitude, illegal, illiterate, immature, imperfect, impossible, irrational, irresponsible, insane, intolerant, invariable. You use the im- prefix before words starting with m but also in front of words starting with p (imperfect, immature).  You use the in- prefix before any letter besides l, r, m, and p.  You use the il- prefix before words starting with l for example illegal.  You use the ir- prefix before words starting with r for example irresponsible.

2. bat/s/ phoneme (t), book/s/ (k), cough/s/ (h), ship/s/ (p), cab/z/ (b), cave/z/ (e), lad/z/ (d), rag/z/ (g), thing/z/ (g), bus/ez/ (s), bush/ez/ (h), church/ez/ (h), judg/ez/ (g), maz/ez/ (z).

Blog Post #2

1. /k r ɪstəlɪn/

2.The first syllable of "kristalyn" is a velar plosive with an alveolar trill, front close-mid dipthong, and alveolar fricative "krɪs". The second syllable is a alveolar plosive, central unstressed (schwa) vowel "tə". The third and final syllable is alveolar liquid, front close-mid dipthong, nasal alveolar "lɪn".

3.To say my name you start by raising the back part of the tongue and press it against the roof of the mouth (soft palate), stopping all air flow to make a "k" sound, then raise your tongue toward the palate in the back of the mouth to make an "r" sound, after that you make a front close-mid vowel sound "ɪ", then place your tongue front against your closed teeth and blow air making an "s" sound, after that you build up air pressure with your teeth closed and let it out opening your teeth making a "t" sound, then open your mouth and make an "uh" sound, after that put your tongue between your teeth and make the "l" sound, then make the front close-mid vowel sound "ɪ" followed by a "n" sound.

"kri-stuh-lin"  

Blog Post #1

I believe that language is acquired is through hearing whatever language is being spoke around you. My background is Puerto Rican, so I naturally grew up in a Spanish speaking household.  When my parents were younger they had the disadvantage of having English as a second language and they did not want that to be the case for me.  They spoke to me in both English and Spanish by teaching me words in both languages for example "water is agua" and "milk is leche" so I was bilingual as a child.  When I started school I only needed English to communicate so I gradually stopped speaking Spanish at home.  As I got older I found myself still able to understand Spanish, but no longer able to speak it as fluently as I used to, because I was no longer speaking it.  Since being able to speak Spanish was not a requirement for my advancement I just forgot about it.  As I got older I took a Spanish class  for a semester in junior high school but once again I relearned what I needed to know in order to pass the class and once the next semester came along I forgot everything I had learned because it was not being reinforced.  When I got to high school I took Italian for two semesters and because both Spanish and Italian come from Latin they have many words in common.  I not only learned Italian but it also helped me remember more Spanish.  I knew I was going to be traveling to Italy that summer, so I made sure to review my notes once and a while so I would not forget what I had learned.  When we finally traveled to Italy I was the official translator.  Even though that was two summers ago I still remember the language, and I assume that is because I continued reinforcing what I learned.  Now my only problem is that since I did not have a solid foundation with Spanish when I begun learning Italian, I find myself mixing up some of the words. Something I wonder about language is, how long one should study a language before one can have a solid knowledge of it?

welcome to kristalyn's talk